§ 235

Law § 235 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation
If a boat-builder has caulked a boat for a man but has not done it properly and in the same year the boat begins to leak77 and shows a defect, the boat-builder shall repair that boat and reinforce it at his own expense, and give the reinforced boat to the owner of the boat.
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Compensation and Fees

Cuneiform

Law § 235 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 10–26)

Transliteration

šum-ma malaḫum elippam a-na a-wi-lim ip-ḫi-ma ši-bi-ir-šu la u-tak-ki-il-ma i-na ša-at-tim-ma šu-a-ti elippum ši-i iz-za-par ḫi-di-tam ir-ta-ši malaḫum elippam šu-a-ti i-na-ḳar-ma i-na ŠA.GA ra-ma-ni-šu u-dan-na-an-ma elippam dan-na-tam a-na be-el elippim i-na-ad-di-in

Source: Abulhab (2017, p. 95)

Normalization

šumma malāḫum eleppam ana awīlim ipḫēma šipiršu la utakkilma ina šattimma šuāti eleppum šî iṣṣabar, ḫiṭītam irtaši. malāḫum eleppam šuāti inaqqarma ina makkūr ramanišu udannanma eleppam dannatam ana bēl eleppim inaddin.

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 108)

Translation

If a boat-builder has caulked a boat for a man but has not done it properly and in the same year the boat begins to leak77 and shows a defect, the boat-builder shall repair that boat and reinforce it at his own expense, and give the reinforced boat to the owner of the boat.

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 109)

Citation

MLA 9

Dedović, B. "§ 235 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 6 Nov. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/235. [Accessed 14 Nov. 2026]

APA 7

Dedović, B. (2023, November 6). § 235 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/235

CMS 16

Dedović, Boban. "§ 235 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created November 6, 2023. Modified January 12, 2025. Accessed November 14, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/235.

Bibliography

ACH

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

CHTP

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HKEY3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

–

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

RHL

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

SoT

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol is a shorthand notation for the word 'section'.

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eHammurabi Glossary

Cuneiform is an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia.

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eHammurabi Glossary

Normalization is the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values.

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eHammurabi Glossary

Translation is the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another.

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eHammurabi Glossary

Transliteration is the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another.

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