§ 263

Law § 263 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation
If he loses [the cattle or the sheep] which have been given him, he shall make a repayment to their owner of an ox [for an ox] and a sheep [for a sheep].
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Labor, Equipment, Fees

Cuneiform

Law § 263 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 37–43)

Transliteration

šum-ma |alpam| u lu immeram ša in-na-ad-nu-šum uḫ-ta-al-li-iḳ alpam ki-ma [alpim] immeram ki-ma |immerim| a-na be-li-|šu-nu| i-ri-a-|ab|

Source: Abulhab (2017, p. 102)

Normalization

[badly broken] šumma [alpam] u lu [immeram] ša innadnušum uḫtalliq alpam kīma [alpim] immeram kīma [immerim] ana bēlišu359 iriab.

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 114)

Translation

If he loses [the cattle or the sheep] which have been given him, he shall make a repayment to their owner of an ox [for an ox] and a sheep [for a sheep].

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 115)

Citation

MLA 9

Dedović, B. "§ 263 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 7 Nov. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/263. [Accessed 14 Nov. 2026]

APA 7

Dedović, B. (2023, November 7). § 263 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/263

CMS 16

Dedović, Boban. "§ 263 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created November 7, 2023. Modified January 15, 2025. Accessed November 14, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/263.

Bibliography

ACH

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

CHTP

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HKEY3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

–

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

RHL

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

SoT

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol is a shorthand notation for the word 'section'.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Cuneiform is an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Normalization is the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Translation is the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Transliteration is the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another.

Read more