§ 44

Law § 44 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation
If a man rented an unworked field for three years for cultivation, but was negligent and has not opened the field, in the fourth year he will plow, hoe, and harrow the field and return (it) to the owner of the field; he will also measure out ten kor of grain per būrum.
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Agricultural Tenants

Cuneiform

Law § 44 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XIII, lns. 17-34)

Transliteration

šum-ma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ kankallim(KI.KAL) a-na MU.3.KAM a-na te-ep-ti-tim ú-še-ṣi-ma a-aḫ-šu id-di-ma A.ŠÀ la ip-te-te i-na re-bu-tim ša-at-tim A.ŠÀ ma-a-a-ri i-ma-aḫ-ḫa-aṣ i-mar-ra-ar ù i-ša-ak-ka-ak-ma a-na be-el A.ŠÀ ú-ta-ar ù ana būrim(BÙRiku.E) 10 ŠE.GUR i-ma-a[d-d]a-ad

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

Normalization

šumma awīlum eqel kankallim ana šalāš šanātim ana teptītim ušēṣī-ma aḫšu iddī-ma eqlam lā iptete, ina rebūtim šattim eqlam mayyarī imaḫḫaṣ imarrar u išakkak-ma ana bēl eqlim utār; u ana būrim eš(e)ret kur âm ima[dd]ad.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Translation

If a man rented an unworked field for three years for cultivation, but was negligent and has not opened the field, in the fourth year he will plow, hoe, and harrow the field and return (it) to the owner of the field; he will also measure out ten kor of grain per būrum.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Citation

MLA 9

Dedović, B. "§ 44 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 26 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/44. [Accessed 14 Nov. 2026]

APA 7

Dedović, B. (2023, October 26). § 44 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/44

CMS 16

Dedović, Boban. "§ 44 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 26, 2023. Modified December 16, 2024. Accessed November 14, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/44.

Bibliography

ACH

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

CHTP

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HKEY3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

–

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

RHL

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

SoT

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol is a shorthand notation for the word 'section'.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Cuneiform is an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Normalization is the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Translation is the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another.

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

Transliteration is the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another.

Read more